Transform Your Yard with Local Native Plants
Whether we grew up in farming households, helped in the suburban yard, or lived in a concrete jungle, many of us started gardening as adults with a simple approach. We grabbed a few landscape plants from a big box store. Later, we found ourselves immersed in native plant sales at our local arboretum or botanical garden. Our mindset shifted from merely sprucing up the yard to designing a space that maximizes support of local biodiversity and habitat. We shifted in preference from turf grass to sedges and from tea roses to rose mallow.
While I grew up in a rural area, it was not until doing stream survey work as an undergrad that I was introduced to the concept of native plants and their importance to riparian areas and ecological restoration. As I learned more, I found that hikes in the woods became so much richer as I was able to observe and recognize different plant species. My concept of beauty has changed. I’ve always loved wild spaces, but now I see the functions of these spaces and appreciate that nature, while seeming chaotic, is quite organized and efficient. Over the past 20 years, my appreciation of the work many people are doing to educate the public about native and invasive species has grown. Knowledge enhances our appreciation of nature. It changes our relationship to it. Hopefully, this compels us to participate as careful stewards of the land in our purview.
I have decided to start a running list of the native plants in my yard so that others on a similar trajectory can pop over here and see what I’ve tried. I may eventually add pictures and commentary. My current plantings are not strictly native species, so this list does not include everything in our one-third acre. As I fill in gaps and replace old plants, I’m choosing local or regional natives apart from fruits and vegetables for our family consumption. I’m doing this not out of elitism but out of serious concern over the die-off of insects and birds, knowing that one yard isn’t much, but it is a link in the patchwork of scarce resources.
As I am not a botanist, if you see something that does not belong on the list, please let me know!
Common name | Scientific name & notes | Images |
Common Yarrow | Achillea millefolium | |
Sweetflag | Acorus calamus | |
Red buckeye | Aesculus pavia | |
Maidenhair fern | Adiantum pedatum | |
Heart-leaf ginger | Asarum virginicum | |
Common Milkweed | Asclepias syriaca | |
Butterfly weed |
Asclepias tuberosa This was easy to start from seed in a tray and then transplant. |
|
American papaw | Asimina triloba | |
Fanal Astilbe | Astilbe x arendsii ‘Fanal’ | |
Crossvine | Bignonia capreolata | |
Carolina allspice | Calycanthus floridus | |
American beautyberry | Callicarpa americana | |
Cherokee Carex | Carex cherokenensis | |
Gray’s sedge | Carex grayi | |
Buttonbush | Cephalanthus occidentalis | |
Eastern redbud | Cercis canadensis | |
Sensitive partridge pea |
Chamaecrista nictitans This popped up as a volunteer in my vegetable garden. |
|
River Oats | Chasmanthium latifolium | |
Hot lips’ Turtlehead | Chelone lyonii | |
White fringetree | Chionanthus virginicus | |
Coastal pepperbush | Clethra alnifolia | |
Flowering dogwood* |
Cornus florida I’ve failed every time I’ve planted a dogwood. The only ones thriving were already on the property. |
|
American Hazelnut |
Corylus americana These started producing in about 2-3 years from transplant. |
|
Bleeding heart** | Dicentra exima | |
Purple Coneflower | Echinacea purpurea | |
Amazon Sword |
Echinodorus bracteatus ‘Lantau Lady’ Spreads vigorously and easy to propagate. |
|
Waterweed | Elodea canadensis | |
Azure fairy | Erigeron ‘azurfee’ | |
Rattlesnake Master |
Eryngium yuccifolium This did not spread the first year and then spread by seeds the next. |
|
American |
Eupatorium perfoliatum | |
Joe pye weed | Eutrochium fistulosum | |
Horsetail |
Equisetum arvense I keep this in a pot in the pond to prevent aggressive spreading. |
|
Dwarf Fothergilla | Fothergilla gardenii | |
Carolina jessamine | Gelsemium sempervirens | |
Witch hazel*** | Hamamelis virginiana | |
Scarlet Rosemallow | Hibiscus coccineus | |
Bushy St. John’s wort*** |
Hypericum densiflorum This has been growing well under the shade of the fig tree, but the chickens buried it, and it seems to be gone now. |
|
Possumhaw | Ilex decidua | |
American holly* |
Ilex opaca This one may be a hybrid as it was a landscape planting by the house. It buckled in half during an ice storm and managed to grow back from the stump in a few years. |
|
Winterberry |
Ilex verticillata This one has been challenging to get to thrive in my yard. The dry spells in summer is hard on them. |
|
Virginia Sweetspire | Itea virginica | |
Eastern red cedar* |
Juniperus virginiana These pop up in the shady, disturbed areas of the yard. |
|
Marsh mallow | Kosteletzkya pentacarpos | |
Spicebush |
Lindera benzoin This has now starting self-seeding |
|
Cardinal flower | Lobelia cardinalis | |
Trumpet honeysuckle | Lonicera sempervirens | |
Southern Magnolia* | Magnolia grandiflora | Southern Magnolia bark |
Bee Balm | Monarda didyma | |
American lotus | Nelumbo lutea | |
Sensitive fern** | Onoclea sensibilis | |
Sourwood | Oxydendrum arboreum | |
Arrow arum | Peltandra virginica | |
Smooth solomon’s seal** | Polygonatum biflorum | |
Variegated Solomon’s Seal | Polygonatum biflorum ‘Variegatum’ | |
Pickerel weed | Pontederia cordata | |
Chickasaw plum | Prunus angustifolia | |
Black cherry* | Prunus serotina | |
Eastern Smooth Beardtongue | Penstemon laevigotus | |
Garden phlox | Phlox paniculata | |
Blunt mountain mint** | Pycnanthemum muticum | |
White Oak* | Quercus alba | |
Southern Red Oak* | Quercus falcata – up for debate | |
Laurel Oak* | Quercus laurifolia | |
Water Oak* | Quercus nigra L. | |
Willow Oak* | Quercus phellos | |
Aromatic sumac | Rhus aromatica | |
Black eyed Susan | Rudbeckia hirta | |
Cutleaf coneflower | Rudbeckia laciniata | |
Sweet coneflower | Rudbeckia subtomentosa | |
Broadleaf arrowhead | Sagittaria latifolia | |
Elderberry ‘York’ | Sambucus canadensis | |
Lizard’s tail | Saururus cernuus | |
‘Suwanee’ Blue eyed grass | Sisyrichium nashil ‘Suwanee’ | |
Goldenrod | Solidago caesia | |
Indian Pink | Spigelia marilandica | |
Stokes’ aster | Stokesia laevis | |
Wood poppy | Stylophorum diphyllum | |
Aromatic aster | Symphyotrichum oblongifolium | |
Hardy Cana | Thalia dealbata | |
Foamflower** | Tiarella cordifolia | |
Trillium *** | Trillium grandiflorum | |
Toadshade trillium | Trillium sessile | |
American Elm* | Ulmus americana | |
New York ironweed*** | Vernonia noveboracensis | |
Southern arrowwood | Viburnum dentatum |
**struggling
***missing or died off
Source for more information on NC native plants: https://ncwildflower.org/
Why native plants?
https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/Native_Plant_Materials/Native_Gardening/index.shtml
Reading list: